Peer-Reviewed Publications
Xiaochuan Lu Google Scholar Citations
2023
48. O. Chiekezi, X. He, H. Wang, O. Ayodele, T. Deng, D. Reed, C. Wang, X. Lu*, “Highly Conductive PEO-Based Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Na Battery Applications”, ACS Applied Energy Materials (2023). [Link]
47. M. Sahal, J. Molloy, V. Narayanan, L. Ladani, X. Lu, N. Rolston, “Robust and Manufacturable Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Solid-State Electrolyte Thin Films Deposited in Open-Air”, ACS Omega, 8, 28651 (2023). [Link]
2022
46. T. Deng, X. Ji, L. Zou, O. Chiekezi, L. Cao, X. Fan, T.R. Adebisi, H.-J. Chang, H. Wang, B. Li, X. Li, C. Wang, D. Reed, J.-G. Zhang, V.L. Sprenkle, C. Wang & X. Lu*, “Interfacial-engineering-enabled practical low-temperature sodium metal battery”, Nature Nanotechnology, 17, 269 (2022). [Link]
2021
45. M.M. Li , X. Lu*, X. Zhan, M.H Engelhard, J.F. Bonnett, E. Polikarpov, K. Jung, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “High performance sodium-sulfur batteries at low temperature enabled by superior molten Na wettability”, Chemical Communications, 57, 45 (2021). [Link]
2020
44. T. Deng, X. Ji, Y. Zhao, L. Cao, S. Li, S. Hwang, C. Luo, P. Wang, H. Jia, X. Fan, X. Lu, D. Su, X. Sun, C. Wang, J.-G. Zhang, “Tuning the anode-electrolyte interface chemistry for garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries”, Advanced Materials, 2000030 (2020). [Link]
43. X. Zhan, X. Lu*, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Emerging Soluble Organic Redox Materials for Next-Generation Grid Energy Storage Applications”, MRS Communications, 1 (2020). [Link]
Prior to joining NC A&T
42. H. Wang, Y. Shao, H. Pan, X. Feng, Y. Chen, Y.-S. Liu, E.D Walter, M.H. Engelhard, K.S. Han, T. Deng, G. Ren, D. Lu, X. Lu, W. Xu, C. Wang, J. Feng, K.T. Mueller, J. Guo, K.R. Zavadil, J.-G. Zhang, “A lithium-sulfur battery with a solution-mediated pathway operating under lean electrolyte conditions”, Nano Energy, 76, 105041 (2020).
41. X. Zhan, M.E. Bowden, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, T.L. Lemmon, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “A low‐cost durable Na‐FeCl2 battery with ultrahigh rate capability”, Advanced Energy Materials, 1903472 (2020).
40. X. Zhan, J.P. Sepulveda, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, T.L. Lemmon, K. Jung, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Elucidating the role of anionic chemistry towards high-rate intermediate-temperature Na-metal halide batteries”, Energy Storage Materials, 24, 177 (2020).
39. X. Lu*, H.J. Chang, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na-ZnCl2 Battery”, ACS Omega, 3, 15702 (2018).
38. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Han, M.H. Engelhard, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Decorating ß"-alumina solid-state electrolyte with submicron Pb spherical particles for improving Na wettability at lower temperatures”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6, 19703 (2018).
37. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, S. Son, Y. Park, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “"Ni-less" Cathodes for High Energy Density, Intermediate Temperature Na-NiCl2 Batteries”, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 5, 1701592 (2018).
36. X. Lu*, H.J. Chang, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Effect of Cathode Thickness on the Performance of Planar Na-NiCl2 Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 365, 456 (2017).
35. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, S. Son, Y.C. Park, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Development of Intermediate Temperature Sodium Nickel Chloride Rechargeable Batteries using Conventional Polymer Sealing Technologies”, Journal of Power Sources, 348, 150 (2017).
34. Y. Wang, P. Yan, J. Xiao, D. Deng, X. Lu*, J.G. Zhang, V.L. Sprenkle, “Effect of Al2O3 on the Sintering of Garnet-Type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12”, Solid State Ionics, 294, 108 (2016).
33. X. Lu*, G. Li, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Development of Na-beta alumina batteries at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: From tubular to planar”, Energy Storage Science and Technology (Chuneng Kexue yu Jishu), 5, 309 (2016) (Invited paper).
32. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, K.D. Meinhardt, H.J. Chang, N.L. Canfield, V.L. Sprenkle, “Advanced Intermediate Temperature Sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries with Ultra-High Energy Density”, Nature Communications, 7, 10683 (2016).
31. X. Jiang, T.J. Roosendaal, X. Lu, O. Palasyuk, K.W. Dennis, M.E. Dahl, J.P. Choi, E. Polikarpov, M. Marinescu, J. Cui, “Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Low Temperature Phase MnBi”, Journal of Applied Physics, 119, 033903 (2016).
30. X. Lu*, M.E. Bowden, V.L. Sprenkle, J. Liu, “A low-cost, high-energy density and long-cycle life potassium-sulfur battery for grid-scale energy storage”, Advanced Materials, 27, 5915 (2015).
29. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Enhanced sintering of β"-Al2O3/YSZ with the sintering aids of TiO2 and MnO2”, Journal of Power Sources, 295, 167 (2015).
28. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, V.V. Viswanathan, K.D. Meinhardt, M.H. Engelhard, V.L. Sprenkle, “An Advanced Na-FeCl2 ZEBRA Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Application”, Advanced Energy Materials, 5, 1500357 (2015).
27. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, D. Mei, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, J. Liu, “Liquid-Metal Electrode to Enable Ultra-Low Temperature Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage”, Nature Communications, 5, 4578 (2014).
26. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Improved cycling behavior of ZEBRA battery operated at intermediate temperature of 175 degrees C”, Journal of Power Sources, 249, 414 (2014).
25. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, M.H. Engelhard, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “The Role of FeS in Initial Activation and Performance Degradation of Na-NiCl2 Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 272, 398 (2014).
24. M.E. Bowden, K.J. Alvine, J.L. Fulton, J.P. Lemmon, X. Lu, B. Webb-Robertson, S.M. Heald, M. Balasubramanian, D.R. Mortensen, G.T. Seidler, N.J. Hess, “X-ray absorption measurements on nickel cathode of sodium-beta alumina batteries: Fe-Ni-Cl chemical associations”, Journal of Power Sources, 247, 517 (2014).
23. X. Lu*, J.P. Lemmon, J.Y. Kim, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “High Energy Density Na-S/NiCl2 Hybrid Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 224, 312 (2013).
22. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “A Novel Low-Cost Sodium-Zinc Chloride Battery”, Energy & Environmental Science, 6, 1837 (2013).
21. X. Lu*, B. Kirby, W. Xu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Advanced Intermediate-Temperature Na-S Battery”, Energy & Environmental Science, 6, 299 (2013).
20. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Cell degradation of a Na-NiCl2 (ZEBRA) battery”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 14935 (2013).
19. D. Reed, G. Coffey, E. Mast, N. Canfield, J. Mansurov, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, “Wetting of Sodium on β″-Al2O3/YSZ Composites for Low Temperature Planar Sodium-Metal Halide Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 227, 94 (2013).
18. G. Li, X. Lu, C.A. Coyle, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Ternary Molten Salt Electrolyte for Reduced Temperature Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 220, 193 (2012).
17. X. Lu, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “The Effects of Temperature on the Electrochemical Performance of Sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 215, 288 (2012).
16. Z. Yang, J. Zhang, M.C.W. Kintner-Meyer, X. Lu, D. Choi, J.P. Lemmon, and J. Liu, “Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid”, Chemical Reviews, 111, 3577 (2011).
15. X. Lu, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries: Status and Challenges”, JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 62, 31 (2010).
14. X. Lu, G.W. Coffey, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, Z. Yang, and J.P. Lemmon, “High Power Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery”, ECS Transactions, 28, 7 (2010).
13. X. Lu, G. Xia, J.P. Lemmon, and Z. Yang, “Advanced Materials for Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries: Status, Challenges and Perspectives”, Journal of Power Sources, 195, 2431 (2010).
12. X.C. Lu*, J.H. Zhu, Z. Yang, G. Xia, and J.W. Stevenson, “Pd-impregnated SYT/LDC Composite as Sulfur-Tolerant Anode for SOFCs”, Journal of Power Sources, 192, 381 (2009).
11. X.C. Lu, J.H. Zhu and Z.H. Bi, “Fe Alloying Effect on the Performance of the Ni Anode in H2 Fuel”, Solid State Ionics, 180, 265 (2009).
10. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Amorphous Ceramic Material as Sulfur-Tolerant Anode for SOFC”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 155, B1053 (2008).
9. Z.G. Lu, J.H. Zhu, Z.H. Bi and X.C. Lu, “A Co-Fe Alloy as Alternative Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, 180, 172 (2008).
8. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Effect of Sr and Mg Doping on the Property and Performance of the La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3- Electrolyte”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 155, B494 (2008).
7. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Cu(Pd)-impregnated La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3- Anodes for Direct Utilization of Methane in SOFC”, Solid State Ionics, 178, 1467 (2007).
6. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Ni-Fe + SDC Composite as Anode Material for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, 165, 678 (2007).
5. Y. Xu, X.C. Lu, S. Gao, J.J. Zhang, “Quality Analysis of Cylinder Block Material in Automobile Engine”, Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part A: Physical Testing, 41, 191 (2005).
4. H. Xu, X.C. Lu, X.H. Tan, Y.D. Dong, “Structural and Magnetic Studies in Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powder Made by Mechanical Alloying”, Journal of Materials Science, 39, 2231 (2004).
3. X.C. Lu, H. Xu, S.P. Yang, Y.D. Dong, “Study on Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powders by Mechanical Alloying”, Journal of Functional Materials, 6, 347 (2003).
2. X.C. Lu, H. Xu, S.P. Yang, X.S. Xiao, Y.D. Dong, “Crystallization Process and Kinetics of Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powder”, Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 21, 537 (2003).
1. S.P. Yang, H. Xu, X.H. Tan, X.C. Lu, Y.D. Dong, “Effect of Boron on Magnetic Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Hard Magnetic Bulk Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Alloys”, Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 21, 339 (2003).
Granted Patents
5. X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, G. Li, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Process for fabrication of enhanced β″-alumina solid electrolytes for energy storage devices and energy applications”, U.S. patent, 11,145,894.
4. G. Li, J.Y. Kim, X. Lu, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Na-FeCl2 ZEBRA Type battery”, U.S. patent, 10,615,407B2.
3. J.Y. Kim, G. Li, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, J.P. Lemmon, “Metallization Pattern on Solid Electrolyte or Porous Support of Sodium Battery and Process”, U.S. patent, 9,356,314B2.
2. X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, G. Li, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Hybrid energy storage device having sodium”, U.S. patent, 9,252,461B2.
1. J.Y. Kim, G. Li, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, J.P. Lemmon, Z. Yang, C.A. Coyle, “Intermediate Temperature Sodium Metal-Halide Energy Storage Devices,” China patent, CN104054211B.
Xiaochuan Lu Google Scholar Citations
2023
48. O. Chiekezi, X. He, H. Wang, O. Ayodele, T. Deng, D. Reed, C. Wang, X. Lu*, “Highly Conductive PEO-Based Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Na Battery Applications”, ACS Applied Energy Materials (2023). [Link]
47. M. Sahal, J. Molloy, V. Narayanan, L. Ladani, X. Lu, N. Rolston, “Robust and Manufacturable Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Solid-State Electrolyte Thin Films Deposited in Open-Air”, ACS Omega, 8, 28651 (2023). [Link]
2022
46. T. Deng, X. Ji, L. Zou, O. Chiekezi, L. Cao, X. Fan, T.R. Adebisi, H.-J. Chang, H. Wang, B. Li, X. Li, C. Wang, D. Reed, J.-G. Zhang, V.L. Sprenkle, C. Wang & X. Lu*, “Interfacial-engineering-enabled practical low-temperature sodium metal battery”, Nature Nanotechnology, 17, 269 (2022). [Link]
2021
45. M.M. Li , X. Lu*, X. Zhan, M.H Engelhard, J.F. Bonnett, E. Polikarpov, K. Jung, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “High performance sodium-sulfur batteries at low temperature enabled by superior molten Na wettability”, Chemical Communications, 57, 45 (2021). [Link]
2020
44. T. Deng, X. Ji, Y. Zhao, L. Cao, S. Li, S. Hwang, C. Luo, P. Wang, H. Jia, X. Fan, X. Lu, D. Su, X. Sun, C. Wang, J.-G. Zhang, “Tuning the anode-electrolyte interface chemistry for garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries”, Advanced Materials, 2000030 (2020). [Link]
43. X. Zhan, X. Lu*, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Emerging Soluble Organic Redox Materials for Next-Generation Grid Energy Storage Applications”, MRS Communications, 1 (2020). [Link]
Prior to joining NC A&T
42. H. Wang, Y. Shao, H. Pan, X. Feng, Y. Chen, Y.-S. Liu, E.D Walter, M.H. Engelhard, K.S. Han, T. Deng, G. Ren, D. Lu, X. Lu, W. Xu, C. Wang, J. Feng, K.T. Mueller, J. Guo, K.R. Zavadil, J.-G. Zhang, “A lithium-sulfur battery with a solution-mediated pathway operating under lean electrolyte conditions”, Nano Energy, 76, 105041 (2020).
41. X. Zhan, M.E. Bowden, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, T.L. Lemmon, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “A low‐cost durable Na‐FeCl2 battery with ultrahigh rate capability”, Advanced Energy Materials, 1903472 (2020).
40. X. Zhan, J.P. Sepulveda, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, T.L. Lemmon, K. Jung, D.M. Reed, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Elucidating the role of anionic chemistry towards high-rate intermediate-temperature Na-metal halide batteries”, Energy Storage Materials, 24, 177 (2020).
39. X. Lu*, H.J. Chang, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na-ZnCl2 Battery”, ACS Omega, 3, 15702 (2018).
38. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Han, M.H. Engelhard, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Decorating ß"-alumina solid-state electrolyte with submicron Pb spherical particles for improving Na wettability at lower temperatures”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6, 19703 (2018).
37. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, S. Son, Y. Park, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “"Ni-less" Cathodes for High Energy Density, Intermediate Temperature Na-NiCl2 Batteries”, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 5, 1701592 (2018).
36. X. Lu*, H.J. Chang, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Effect of Cathode Thickness on the Performance of Planar Na-NiCl2 Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 365, 456 (2017).
35. H.J. Chang, X. Lu, J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, S. Son, Y.C. Park, K. Jung, V.L. Sprenkle, G. Li, “Development of Intermediate Temperature Sodium Nickel Chloride Rechargeable Batteries using Conventional Polymer Sealing Technologies”, Journal of Power Sources, 348, 150 (2017).
34. Y. Wang, P. Yan, J. Xiao, D. Deng, X. Lu*, J.G. Zhang, V.L. Sprenkle, “Effect of Al2O3 on the Sintering of Garnet-Type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12”, Solid State Ionics, 294, 108 (2016).
33. X. Lu*, G. Li, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Development of Na-beta alumina batteries at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: From tubular to planar”, Energy Storage Science and Technology (Chuneng Kexue yu Jishu), 5, 309 (2016) (Invited paper).
32. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, K.D. Meinhardt, H.J. Chang, N.L. Canfield, V.L. Sprenkle, “Advanced Intermediate Temperature Sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries with Ultra-High Energy Density”, Nature Communications, 7, 10683 (2016).
31. X. Jiang, T.J. Roosendaal, X. Lu, O. Palasyuk, K.W. Dennis, M.E. Dahl, J.P. Choi, E. Polikarpov, M. Marinescu, J. Cui, “Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Low Temperature Phase MnBi”, Journal of Applied Physics, 119, 033903 (2016).
30. X. Lu*, M.E. Bowden, V.L. Sprenkle, J. Liu, “A low-cost, high-energy density and long-cycle life potassium-sulfur battery for grid-scale energy storage”, Advanced Materials, 27, 5915 (2015).
29. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Enhanced sintering of β"-Al2O3/YSZ with the sintering aids of TiO2 and MnO2”, Journal of Power Sources, 295, 167 (2015).
28. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, V.V. Viswanathan, K.D. Meinhardt, M.H. Engelhard, V.L. Sprenkle, “An Advanced Na-FeCl2 ZEBRA Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Application”, Advanced Energy Materials, 5, 1500357 (2015).
27. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, D. Mei, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, J. Liu, “Liquid-Metal Electrode to Enable Ultra-Low Temperature Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage”, Nature Communications, 5, 4578 (2014).
26. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Improved cycling behavior of ZEBRA battery operated at intermediate temperature of 175 degrees C”, Journal of Power Sources, 249, 414 (2014).
25. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, M.H. Engelhard, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “The Role of FeS in Initial Activation and Performance Degradation of Na-NiCl2 Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 272, 398 (2014).
24. M.E. Bowden, K.J. Alvine, J.L. Fulton, J.P. Lemmon, X. Lu, B. Webb-Robertson, S.M. Heald, M. Balasubramanian, D.R. Mortensen, G.T. Seidler, N.J. Hess, “X-ray absorption measurements on nickel cathode of sodium-beta alumina batteries: Fe-Ni-Cl chemical associations”, Journal of Power Sources, 247, 517 (2014).
23. X. Lu*, J.P. Lemmon, J.Y. Kim, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “High Energy Density Na-S/NiCl2 Hybrid Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 224, 312 (2013).
22. X. Lu*, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “A Novel Low-Cost Sodium-Zinc Chloride Battery”, Energy & Environmental Science, 6, 1837 (2013).
21. X. Lu*, B. Kirby, W. Xu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Advanced Intermediate-Temperature Na-S Battery”, Energy & Environmental Science, 6, 299 (2013).
20. G. Li, X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Cell degradation of a Na-NiCl2 (ZEBRA) battery”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 14935 (2013).
19. D. Reed, G. Coffey, E. Mast, N. Canfield, J. Mansurov, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, “Wetting of Sodium on β″-Al2O3/YSZ Composites for Low Temperature Planar Sodium-Metal Halide Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 227, 94 (2013).
18. G. Li, X. Lu, C.A. Coyle, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Ternary Molten Salt Electrolyte for Reduced Temperature Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery”, Journal of Power Sources, 220, 193 (2012).
17. X. Lu, G. Li, J.Y. Kim, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “The Effects of Temperature on the Electrochemical Performance of Sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, 215, 288 (2012).
16. Z. Yang, J. Zhang, M.C.W. Kintner-Meyer, X. Lu, D. Choi, J.P. Lemmon, and J. Liu, “Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid”, Chemical Reviews, 111, 3577 (2011).
15. X. Lu, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang, “Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries: Status and Challenges”, JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 62, 31 (2010).
14. X. Lu, G.W. Coffey, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, Z. Yang, and J.P. Lemmon, “High Power Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery”, ECS Transactions, 28, 7 (2010).
13. X. Lu, G. Xia, J.P. Lemmon, and Z. Yang, “Advanced Materials for Sodium-Beta Alumina Batteries: Status, Challenges and Perspectives”, Journal of Power Sources, 195, 2431 (2010).
12. X.C. Lu*, J.H. Zhu, Z. Yang, G. Xia, and J.W. Stevenson, “Pd-impregnated SYT/LDC Composite as Sulfur-Tolerant Anode for SOFCs”, Journal of Power Sources, 192, 381 (2009).
11. X.C. Lu, J.H. Zhu and Z.H. Bi, “Fe Alloying Effect on the Performance of the Ni Anode in H2 Fuel”, Solid State Ionics, 180, 265 (2009).
10. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Amorphous Ceramic Material as Sulfur-Tolerant Anode for SOFC”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 155, B1053 (2008).
9. Z.G. Lu, J.H. Zhu, Z.H. Bi and X.C. Lu, “A Co-Fe Alloy as Alternative Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, 180, 172 (2008).
8. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Effect of Sr and Mg Doping on the Property and Performance of the La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3- Electrolyte”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 155, B494 (2008).
7. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Cu(Pd)-impregnated La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3- Anodes for Direct Utilization of Methane in SOFC”, Solid State Ionics, 178, 1467 (2007).
6. X.C. Lu and J.H. Zhu, “Ni-Fe + SDC Composite as Anode Material for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, 165, 678 (2007).
5. Y. Xu, X.C. Lu, S. Gao, J.J. Zhang, “Quality Analysis of Cylinder Block Material in Automobile Engine”, Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part A: Physical Testing, 41, 191 (2005).
4. H. Xu, X.C. Lu, X.H. Tan, Y.D. Dong, “Structural and Magnetic Studies in Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powder Made by Mechanical Alloying”, Journal of Materials Science, 39, 2231 (2004).
3. X.C. Lu, H. Xu, S.P. Yang, Y.D. Dong, “Study on Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powders by Mechanical Alloying”, Journal of Functional Materials, 6, 347 (2003).
2. X.C. Lu, H. Xu, S.P. Yang, X.S. Xiao, Y.D. Dong, “Crystallization Process and Kinetics of Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Powder”, Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 21, 537 (2003).
1. S.P. Yang, H. Xu, X.H. Tan, X.C. Lu, Y.D. Dong, “Effect of Boron on Magnetic Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Hard Magnetic Bulk Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 Amorphous Alloys”, Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 21, 339 (2003).
Granted Patents
5. X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, G. Li, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Process for fabrication of enhanced β″-alumina solid electrolytes for energy storage devices and energy applications”, U.S. patent, 11,145,894.
4. G. Li, J.Y. Kim, X. Lu, K.D. Meinhardt, V.L. Sprenkle, “Na-FeCl2 ZEBRA Type battery”, U.S. patent, 10,615,407B2.
3. J.Y. Kim, G. Li, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, J.P. Lemmon, “Metallization Pattern on Solid Electrolyte or Porous Support of Sodium Battery and Process”, U.S. patent, 9,356,314B2.
2. X. Lu, J.Y. Kim, G. Li, J.P. Lemmon, V.L. Sprenkle, “Hybrid energy storage device having sodium”, U.S. patent, 9,252,461B2.
1. J.Y. Kim, G. Li, X. Lu, V.L. Sprenkle, J.P. Lemmon, Z. Yang, C.A. Coyle, “Intermediate Temperature Sodium Metal-Halide Energy Storage Devices,” China patent, CN104054211B.